Overcoming emissions challenges in combustion technology
Published: 06 January, 2025
Graham Barker, Sales & Service Director at Riello Burners UK, discusses with PWE how the combustion research sector is tackling the problem of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through innovation in burner technologies
As environmental regulations tighten and the demand for clean energy grows, the combustion technology sector is increasingly focused on reducing emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This drive is shaped by factors like stricter emission standards, the integration of combustion systems into renewable energy grids, and the need for more efficient and affordable technologies.
Shifting from traditional to low-emission systems
One of the primary challenges, Barker notes, is the shift from traditional combustion systems to advanced, low-emission burners. “Historically, the combustion of fossil fuels - oil, gas, and coal - has been essential to sectors like energy production and transportation,” he says. “However, these methods are a significant source of NOx and CO2 emissions.”
To reduce these emissions, the industry is focused on developing low-NOx burners and integrating alternative fuels, such as biofuels and hydrogen, into combustion processes. “Research has expanded into alternative fuels such as biofuels and hydrogen, which are key to reducing the carbon footprint of combustion,” Barker explains, underscoring their importance in reducing the environmental impact of combustion technology.
Innovation in burner technologies
At the forefront of this innovation is Riello’s Combustion Research Centre (CRC) in Italy, one of the largest burner testing facilities in the world. Barker highlights the importance of this facility in driving burner technology advancements: “Riello, has been pioneering research into hydrogen-compatible burners, which burn hydrogen instead of fossil fuels,” he says. “Hydrogen combustion produces water vapour, not CO2, offering a cleaner alternative.”
The CRC’s investment in such technologies is helping ensure that Riello’s burners are ready for integration into future renewable energy grids. “Through its state-of-the-art testing infrastructure, the CRC has contributed significantly to developing high-performance, low-emission burners,” Barker adds.
Adapting to stricter regulations
Barker also discusses the challenge of keeping pace with increasingly stringent emissions regulations. “Governments worldwide are introducing tougher emissions standards for NOx and CO2 to tackle climate change and improve public health,” he says. “This forces burner manufacturers to innovate continually.”
To meet these demands, testing facilities like Riello’s CRC are essential. “We use climatecontrolled chambers to test our burners under extreme conditions,” Barker notes. “This ensures they are not only efficient but also meet environmental requirements.”
Additionally, the CRC plays a crucial role in matching burners to the specific needs of industrial clients. “OEM burner matching is key because not all industrial sectors have the same requirements,” Barker adds. “We work with clients to provide the exact burner solutions they need, balancing emissions control with operational efficiency.”
Tackling costs and workforce development
A major barrier to the widespread adoption of low-emission technologies is the high cost of advanced combustion systems. Barker acknowledges the challenge, stating, “Reducing the cost of implementing these technologies is essential to making them accessible.”
Research and development (R&D) are crucial in this area, particularly in improving reaction kinetics, combustion modelling, and flame propagation studies. “By improving reaction kinetics, combustion modelling, and flame propagation studies, researchers are making strides in lowering the costs associated with burner technologies,” Barker explains.
In addition to cost, the industry faces a shortage of skilled workers capable of managing the complexities of new combustion systems. To address this, the Riello Training Academy provides comprehensive training for the next generation of combustion engineers. “The academy ensures engineers are well-equipped to optimise low-emission systems,” Barker says, stressing the importance of training to ensure the optimal performance of installed systems.
A sustainable future for combustion
Barker concludes by emphasising the vital role of innovation in creating a sustainable future. “By continuing to invest in R&D, focusing on cost reduction, and adhering to emissions regulations, the combustion technology sector is driving the development of solutions that will help achieve a sustainable energy future.” With continued investment in research and a commitment to compliance with global emissions standards, Riello’s Combustion Research Centre will remain essential in advancing the adoption of cleaner, more efficient burner technologies. “Combustion research centres like the Riello CRC will remain critical in driving this progress, enabling the widespread adoption of cleaner, more efficient burners that meet the world’s pressing energy and environmental needs,” Barker concludes.
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